Tooling Design - Misalignment Issue

In this article, I would like to share a few examples of the misalignment issue obrserved during the course. In the course, students are required to design, fabricate and test their tooling. As mention in the previous writing, pundher-die misaligment is one the major issues faced by the students during their trial. In our study, misalignment can be divided into four types (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00170-021-06595-5) and (https://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/abs/10.1504/IJMPT.2017.080565). One of it is the axially unbalanced puncher or die. the For this project, it's difficult to ensure alignment without any accessories like guide pin or dowel. As a result, these images illustrated the consequences.

Case 1: 

Case 2

In both cases, upper section of the part cannot be blanked successfully due die/puncher severe worn.